Which Pneumonia Vaccine Should Seniors Get?

Pneumonia can be particularly dangerous for seniors, and vaccines are effective in reducing the risk of hospitalization and death. Understanding which vaccine to get can feel confusing—especially with different names, numbers, and schedules. Here’s a clear breakdown of what the CDC recommends.

Which Pneumonia Vaccine Should Seniors Get?

Why Pneumonia Vaccines Matter for Seniors

Pneumonia is often caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), which can also lead to bloodstream infections and meningitis. Seniors face a higher risk because the immune system naturally weakens with age. Pneumococcal disease can be severe and even life-threatening in older adults, making vaccination an important preventive step.

Types of Pneumonia (Pneumococcal) Vaccines

There are two main categories of pneumococcal vaccines:

  1. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCV):
    • PCV20 (Prevnar 20®) – Covers 20 strains of pneumococcus.
    • PCV15 (Vaxneuvance®) – Covers 15 strains.
  2. Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV23):
    • Pneumovax 23® – Covers 23 strains.

Each works slightly differently. Conjugate vaccines (PCV20 and PCV15) provide strong, long-lasting protection and trigger a robust immune response, while PPSV23 expands coverage to additional strains.

Current CDC Recommendations for Seniors

According to the CDC, the vaccine choice depends on whether a person has previously received any pneumococcal vaccines:

  • If you have never received a pneumococcal vaccine (age 65+):
    • Option 1: A single dose of PCV20 (Prevnar 20®). No further pneumococcal shots are needed.
    • Option 2: A single dose of PCV15 (Vaxneuvance®) followed by PPSV23 (Pneumovax 23®) one year later. This two-step approach gives broad protection.
  • If you already received PPSV23 in the past:
    You may still benefit from a conjugate vaccine (PCV20 or PCV15), depending on timing and medical history. Your doctor will help determine the best schedule.
  • If you already received PCV13 (an older version of Prevnar):
    Additional vaccination may or may not be needed, depending on what you got and when. CDC advises discussing this with your healthcare provider.

Which Vaccine Should You Choose?

For most seniors today, PCV20 is the simplest option. It requires only one dose and covers 20 strains, including the ones most likely to cause severe illness. Many doctors and pharmacists now recommend Prevnar 20® for adults 65 and older because it eliminates the need for multiple shots.

However, PCV15 plus PPSV23 may be suggested in certain situations, especially if a person has specific medical conditions or access considerations. Both options are valid and protect against pneumococcal disease.

Where to Get Vaccinated

Pneumonia vaccines for seniors are widely available at:

  • Doctor’s offices
  • Pharmacies
  • Community health clinics

Most Medicare Part B and many private insurance plans cover pneumococcal vaccines at no cost to the patient. Always confirm coverage before your appointment.

Key Takeaways

  • Seniors are at higher risk of severe pneumonia.
  • PCV20 (Prevnar 20®) is the most convenient choice: one dose, broad protection.
  • PCV15 plus PPSV23 is an alternative schedule that also provides wide coverage.
  • Talk with your doctor if you’ve previously received PPSV23 or PCV13 to avoid unnecessary repeats.
  • Vaccination is safe, effective, and often free for those over 65.

References

Derek Harnett